Supply Chain Design (Collection) by Schniederjans Mark J

Author:Schniederjans, Mark J....
Language: eng
Format: epub
Published: 2014-06-27T00:09:49.297000+00:00

Excel: Excel does not have density or distribution functions for the uniform distribution, but it can be easily implemented using the above equations.

Excel simulation: A continuous uniform random variate in the range (A,B) can be generated in Excel with =A+RAND()*(B-A). A discrete uniform random variable in the range (a, b) can be generated with either RANDBETWEEN(A,B) or A+Int((B-A+1)*RAND()).

See inverse transform method, probability density function, probability distribution.

unit fill rate – See fill rate.

unit of measure – The standard method for counting an item used for inventory records and order quantities; sometimes abbreviated U/M.

The unit of measure is an attribute of each item (stock keeping unit, part number, material) and is stored in the inventory master. Typical values are box, case, pallet, or each. The commonly used term “each” means that each individual item is one unit. The unit of measure can be ambiguous when a box is inside a box, which is inside another box. Typical abbreviations include case (CA or CS), pallets (PL), pounds (LB), ounces (OZ), linear feet (LF), square feet (SF), and cubic feet (CF). Information systems often need to convert the unit of measure. For example, a firm might purchase an item in pallets, stock it in cases, and sell it in “eaches” (units).

See aggregate inventory management, part number, production planning.

Universal Product Code (UPC) – The standard barcode symbol for retail packaging in the U.S.

A UPC is a product identification number that uniquely identifies a product and the manufacturer. It is a series of thick and thin vertical bars (lines) printed on consumer product packages. All UPC identifiers have an associated numeric 12-digit code. The UPC barcode can be scanned at the point-of-sale to enable retailers to record data at checkout and transmit this data to a computer to monitor unit sales, inventory levels, and other factors. Data items can include the SKU, size, color.

The EAN is the international version of the UPC and has 13 rather than 12 digits. EAN stands for European Article Number. When it was introduced, the idea was to expand the UPC across the world with this new code, while still being UPC compliant. To do this, a prefix number was added to the UPC, where the prefix 0 was reserved for existing UPCs. Many firms that import from around the world use both UPCs and EANs in their information systems.

See barcode, Electronic Product Code (EPC), part number, Point-of-Sale (POS), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID).

unnecessary waste – See 8 wastes.

upstream – A manufacturing and supply chain term referring to any process that comes before a given process.

This term makes an analogy between a stream or a river and a manufacturing or supply chain system. Just as water moves downstream, the product flows “downstream.” A downstream process is any process that comes after a given process. Therefore, if the painting process comes after the molding process, the painting process is said to be downstream from the molding. Likewise, an “upstream” process is one that comes before. Therefore, the molding process is said to be “upstream” from the painting process.

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